Source Manufacture
Duncan Aston
High Technology Sources Limited

Radiations

• Gamma rays
• X-Rays
• Alpha particles
• Beta particles
• Neutrons
• Positrons
• Fission fragments

• U235 (n, f) --> Cs137
• Co59 (n, gamma) --> Co60
• Mg24(d, alpha) -->  Na22

Manufacturing Plant Glove Operated

Manufacturing Plant MSM Operated

Ir192 discs

Insert Preparation

Cs137 source

Am/Be Source

Insert preparation

• Metal matrix
• Plastic matrix
• Ceramic
• Ion exchange bead
• Electrodeposited
• Pressed pellets

• Point source
• Line source
• Area source
• 3D source

Gd153 line source

Wide area source

3D Geometry source

Choice of Window

• No window
• Stainless steel or Titanium
• Beryllium
• Pd/Au
• Aluminium oxide

Kr85 source 2

Pm147 source

Am241 foil

Construction and Encapsulation

• Welding
• Electroplating
• Foils
• Anodising
• Plastic

Plastic Encapsulation

Testing

• Radiation emission
• Cleanliness
• Leak tightness
• Pressure test
• Other

Prototype Testing ISO2919

• Graded tests for temperature, pressure, impact, vibration, puncture.
• Classifications shows maximum level achieved in each test e.g. C66545
• Temperature 6
• Pressure 6
• Impact 5
• Vibration 4
• Puncture 5

• Recommended classifications for selected applications:
• Industrial radiography 43515
• Gamma gauge (source in device) 43232
• Oil well logging 56522

• Tests for impact , percussion, bending, and heat.
• Certificate issued by competent authority
• Intended to make transportation easier
• Used as a form of source licensing

• Period after which the source should be replaced or an assessment made of its condition.

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